The four dates that matter
| Date | When | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Last spring frost (50%) | Feb 16 | Half of all years see a freeze after this date. It is an average, not a guarantee. |
| Last spring frost (10%) | Mar 18 | Only one year in ten freezes after this. Use it for anything you cannot afford to replant. |
| First fall frost (50%) | Dec 8 | Half of all years freeze before this date. Fall crops are counted back from here. |
| First fall frost (10%) | Nov 21 | An early-freeze year. If a crop must finish, aim to harvest before this. |
Spring & summer planting in Oceanside
Dates are calculated from this location's own last-frost date, not from a generic zone chart. โBest moon daysโ are the days inside each window that fall in the crop's traditional phase โ the same rule the app uses.
| Crop | Start seed indoors | Plant outdoors | Best moon days | Days to harvest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
โ | Jan 5 โ Feb 9 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
perennial โ first real harvest 2โ3 years |
| Chives either |
Dec 22 | Jan 5 โ Feb 9 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
75โ90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
โ | Jan 5 โ Feb 9 | Jan 5โ9, Feb 2 Waning Gibbous |
90โ120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
โ | Jan 5 โ Feb 9 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
55โ75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
โ | Jan 5 โ Feb 9 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
35โ50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Dec 15 | Jan 12 โ Feb 9 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
65โ90 |
| Collards either |
Jan 5 | Jan 12 โ Mar 2 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
55โ85 |
| Kale either |
Jan 5 | Jan 12 โ Feb 16 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
50โ65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Jan 12 | Jan 12 โ Mar 9 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
40โ55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
โ | Jan 12 โ Feb 16 | Feb 1 Full Moon |
70โ120 |
| Radish direct sow |
โ | Jan 12 โ Mar 9 | Feb 2โ7 Waning Gibbous |
22โ35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
โ | Jan 12 โ Feb 23 | Feb 2โ7 Waning Gibbous |
40โ60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Dec 15 | Jan 17 โ Feb 16 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
55โ80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Dec 15 | Jan 17 โ Feb 16 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
90โ110 |
| Leek transplant |
Dec 8 | Jan 17 โ Feb 16 | Feb 2โ7 Waning Gibbous |
100โ120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Dec 29 | Jan 17 โ Feb 16 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
60โ85 |
| Parsley either |
Dec 15 | Jan 17 โ Feb 23 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
70โ90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
โ | Jan 17 โ Feb 23 | Feb 1 Full Moon |
100โ150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets Better planted in fall โ see below |
โ | Jan 17 โ Feb 16 | Feb 2โ7 Waning Gibbous |
90โ120 |
| Beet direct sow |
โ | Jan 19 โ Mar 9 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
50โ65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Jan 5 | Jan 19 โ Feb 23 | Jan 19โ24 Waxing Crescent |
45โ60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
โ | Jan 26 โ Mar 9 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
65โ85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Dec 15 | Jan 26 โ Feb 16 | โ Waxing Crescent |
55โ80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
โ | Jan 26 โ Mar 9 | Feb 18โ23 Waxing Crescent |
45โ70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
โ | Jan 26 โ Mar 18 | Feb 18โ23 Waxing Crescent |
50โ60 |
| Dill direct sow |
โ | Feb 2 โ Mar 18 | Feb 18โ23 Waxing Crescent |
40โ60 |
| Cucumber either |
Jan 26 | Feb 16 โ Mar 18 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
50โ70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
โ | Feb 16 โ Apr 2 | Feb 24, Mar 25 First Quarter |
50โ65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Dec 22 | Feb 16 โ Mar 9 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Dec 22 | Feb 16 โ Mar 9 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
โ | Feb 16 โ Apr 2 | Feb 24, Mar 25 First Quarter |
60โ100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Dec 22 | Feb 16 โ Mar 9 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Jan 26 | Feb 16 โ Mar 18 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
45โ60 |
| Basil either |
Jan 5 | Feb 23 โ Mar 18 | Feb 23 Waxing Crescent |
30โ60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
โ | Feb 23 โ Mar 23 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
85โ100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
โ | Feb 23 โ Mar 28 | Feb 24, Mar 25 First Quarter |
60โ75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Jan 26 | Feb 23 โ Mar 23 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
90โ120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
Feb 16 | Feb 23 โ Mar 18 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Jan 5 | Feb 23 โ Mar 18 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
60โ75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Jan 5 | Feb 23 โ Mar 18 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
60โ85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Jan 26 | Feb 23 โ Mar 23 | Feb 24 First Quarter |
85โ110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Jan 26 | Mar 2 โ Mar 23 | โ First Quarter |
75โ90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Dec 22 | Mar 2 โ Mar 23 | โ First Quarter |
60โ90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Jan 19 | Mar 2 โ Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
50โ70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Dec 22 | Mar 2 โ Mar 23 | โ First Quarter |
60โ90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
โ | Mar 2 โ Mar 28 | Mar 4โ9 Waning Gibbous |
90โ150 |
| Watermelon either |
Jan 26 | Mar 2 โ Mar 23 | โ First Quarter |
70โ90 |
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
โ | Dec 18 โ Jan 26 | Jan 3 Full Moon |
perennial โ first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets Better planted in fall โ see below |
โ | Dec 31 โ Jan 31 | Jan 4โ9 Waning Gibbous |
240โ300 |
Fall planting in Oceanside
Fall dates count backward from the first frost, and they add time back for the โfall factorโ โ days are shortening and cooling, so a crop grows slower than the seed packet promises. Sowing late is the single most common way a fall garden fails.
| Crop | Sow or set out | Best moon days | Days to harvest | Hardiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Jul 23 โ Aug 28 | Aug 19 | 60โ85 | very tender |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jul 26 โ Aug 12 | โ | 90โ110 | hardy |
| Potato | Jul 31 โ Sep 1 | Aug 27 | 70โ120 | semi-hardy |
| Sweet Corn | Aug 5 โ Aug 28 | Aug 19 | 60โ100 | tender |
| Pole Beans | Aug 15 โ Aug 28 | Aug 19 | 60โ75 | tender |
| Parsley | Aug 18 โ Sep 1 | Aug 18 | 70โ90 | semi-hardy |
| Okra | Aug 20 โ Sep 19 | Sep 18 | 50โ70 | very tender |
| Cabbage | Aug 25 โ Sep 6 | โ | 65โ90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Aug 25 โ Sep 6 | Aug 27 | 65โ85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Aug 25 โ Sep 16 | Sep 11โ16 | 55โ85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Aug 25 โ Sep 7 | โ | 50โ70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Aug 30 โ Sep 16 | Sep 11โ16 | 55โ80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Aug 30 โ Sep 16 | Sep 11โ16 | 55โ80 | semi-hardy |
| Green Beans (bush) | Aug 30 โ Sep 7 | โ | 50โ65 | tender |
| Lettuce (head) | Aug 30 โ Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 60โ85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Aug 30 โ Sep 16 | โ | 55โ75 | hardy |
| Beet | Sep 4 โ Sep 21 | โ | 50โ65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Sep 4 โ Sep 21 | Sep 11โ16 | 50โ65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Sep 4 โ Sep 21 | Sep 11โ16 | 50โ60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Sep 4 โ Sep 12 | โ | 45โ60 | tender |
| Basil | Sep 9 โ Sep 27 | Sep 11โ16 | 30โ60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Sep 9 โ Sep 26 | Sep 11โ16 | 45โ60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Sep 14 โ Sep 26 | Sep 14โ17 | 45โ70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Sep 14 โ Oct 1 | Sep 14โ17 | 40โ55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Sep 14 โ Oct 1 | Sep 27โOct 1 | 40โ60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Sep 19 โ Oct 6 | โ | 35โ50 | hardy |
| Dill | Sep 24 โ Oct 1 | โ | 40โ60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Sep 24 โ Oct 19 | Sep 27โOct 2 | 22โ35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Nov 8 โ Dec 29 | Nov 25โ29, Dec 24 | 240โ300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Nov 22 โ Dec 23 | Nov 25โ29 | 90โ120 | hardy |
Where these numbers come from
The frost dates on this page are observed station normals, not estimates: they come from Camp Pendleton Mcas (GHCN USW00003154), one of 6,808 U.S. stations in NOAA's 1991โ2020 Climate Normals. The hardiness zone is from the 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Crop timing is expressed as offsets from your frost dates, drawn from university Extension planting guides.
How precise is any of this?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
On the station itself: a weather station is one point. Cities hold their heat, valleys pool cold air, and a garden on a north slope can run two weeks behind one a mile away. Treat this page as your starting point and let your own garden correct it โ that is exactly what the journal in the app is for.
Nearby locations
Planting reminders for Oceanside
A short note at each new and full moon telling you what is in its window right now for Oceanside โ worked out from the frost dates on this page. Free, one click to stop.
We store your address to send the email and nothing else. No ads, never sold, unsubscribe any time. See our privacy policy.
Want this on your phone, in your garden? Moon Phase Garden keeps your frost dates, your planting windows and tonight's moon phase in one place, works offline, and lets you override these dates with what your own garden actually does. Free and ad-free.